FXYD protein isoforms differentially modulate human Na/K pump function

Protein Kinase D Isoforms Differentially Modulate Cofilin-Driven Directed Cell Migration

BACKGROUND Protein kinase D (PKD) enzymes regulate cofilin-driven actin reorganization and directed cell migration through both p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the phosphatase slingshot 1L (SSH1L). The relative contributions of different endogenous PKD isoforms to both signaling pathways have not been elucidated, sufficiently. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We here analyzed two cell lines (...

C-reactive protein isoforms differentially affect outer blood-retinal barrier integrity and function.

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) and is the prime target of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). C-reactive protein (CRP), a serum biomarker for chronic inflammation and AMD, presents two different isoforms, monomeric (mCRP) and pentameric (pCRP), that may have a different effect on inflammation and barrier function in the RPE. The resul...

AKT isoforms modulate Th1-like Foxp3+ regulatory T cell generation and function in human autoimmune disease

AKT isoforms modulate Th1-like Treg generation and function in human autoimmune disease.

Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit plasticity, which dictates their function. Secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IFNγ, together with the acquisition of a T helper 1 (Th1)-like effector phenotype as observed in cancer, infection, and autoimmune diseases, is associated with loss of Treg suppressor function through an unknown mechanism. Here, we describe the signaling events driving t...

Hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration differentially modulate left ventricular diastolic function